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| 1788 |
| | | Arthur Phillip, selecting a suitable coastal site for the first penal colony in Australia, names the place Sydney Cove | |
|  | Map of Australia showing the distribution of convicts, c.1820
National Archives, Kew
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| 1789 |
| | | Fletcher Christian leads a mutiny on HMS Bounty against the captain, William Bligh | |
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| 1790 |
| | | A second fleet arrives in Sydney, bringing more convicts and a regiment, the New South Wales Corps, to keep order | |
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| 1798 |
| | | British explorer George Bass sails round Tasmania in an open whaleboat, discovering the strait which now bears his name | |
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| 1804 |
| | | The city of Hobart is founded on the southern coast of Tasmania | |
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| 1829 |
| | | James Stirling explores up the Swan River in western Australia to find a site for the settlement which he names Perth | |
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| 1831 |
| | | The last surviving Aborigines of Tasmania are moved by the British to a small island where they soon die out | |
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| 1834 |
| | | Six farm labourers, from Tolpuddle in Dorset, are transported for seven years to Australia for administering unlawful oaths in the forming of a union | |
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| 1835 |
| | | Melbourne, founded by settlers from Tasmania, develops as the centre of a sheep-rearing community | |
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| 1836 |
| | | A site is selected for Adelaide and emigration begins from Britain to south Australia | |
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